Knee - Page 2 of 3 - Singapore Sports And Orthopaedic Clinic

A Patient’s Guide to Quadriceps Tendonitis of the Knee

Table of Contents Introduction Anatomy Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment for Quadriceps Tendonitis of the Knee Rehabilitation Introduction Alignment or overuse problems of the knee structures can lead to strain, irritation, and/or injury of the quadriceps muscle and tendon. This produces pain, weakness, and swelling of the knee joint. These problems can affect people of all …

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A Patient’s Guide to Popliteal Cysts (Baker’s Cyst)

Knee

Table of Contents Introduction Anatomy Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment for Popliteal Cysts in Singapore Rehabilitation Introduction A popliteal cyst, also called a Baker’s cyst, is a soft, often painless bump that develops on the back of the knee. A cyst is usually nothing more than a bag of fluid. These cysts occur most often when …

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Meniscus Injuries

Knee

Table of Contents Introduction to Meniscal Injuries A Patient’s Guide to Meniscal Injuries Introduction Anatomy Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment for Meniscus Injuries Rehabilitation FAQ Introduction to Meniscal Injuries Five years ago, Dr. Goldblatt, orthopedic surgeon and professor at the University of Rochester School of Medicine (New York) wrote an article on meniscal (knee) injuries. It …

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Structure And Architecture Of Skeletal Muscle

Knee

Histology Understanding the structure and architecture of skeletal muscle begins at the level of the muscle cell, or fiber, itself. Muscle fibers are multinucleated cells with a cylindrical shape, and they have diameters ranging between 10 to 100 µm. Fibers range a few millimeters to several centimeters in length. This wide variation in muscle fiber …

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Synovial Thickening

Knee

Synovial thickening is a vital clinical finding. It indicates primary inflammation of the synovia and differentiates this from a secondary synovitis. Synovial swelling is best detected at the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, about 2 cm posterior to the medial and lateral edges of the patella. Here the capsule lies almost superficially, covered …

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Provocation Tests for Meniscal Tears

Knee

Table of Contents Significance Test Significance These tests are used to detect, by demonstration of clicks and / or pain, meniscal tears in the absence of actual (sub)luxations. If clicks are detected, it is wise to examine the other limb as well in order to eliminate non-pathological clicks arising from tendons snapping over bony prominences. …

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Specific Tests – Medial Shearing

Knee

Table of Contents Significance Positioning Common mistakes Normal functional anatomy Significance This test is used to detect internal derangement at the inner side of the knee. Pain on jerk is suggestive for a minor lesion at the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament. Positioning The subject lies in the supine position with the knee …

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Anterior Drawer Test in External Rotation

Knee

Positioning The subject is positioned as for the previous test. The lower leg and foot are externally rotated as far as is comfortably possible. The examiner places both hands around the upper part of the tibia with the index fingers on the hamstring tendons and the thumbs at the anterior border of the joint. Procedure …

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Passive Lateral Rotation in Prone Position

Knee

The subject lies in the prone position with both knees flexed to a right angle. The examiner encircles both heels and performs a bilateral external rotation. The range of movement is assessed by the twisted position of the feet. This test may be decisive in comparing the range of external rotation. Common pathological situations: Pain …

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Palpation of the Popliteal Fossa

Knee

The borders of the lozenge-shaped popliteal fossa are formed by the gastrocnemii, the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. The bottom is formed by the posterior capsule and the popliteus muscle .The popliteal fossa is covered by a fascia. The lozenge is vertically crossed (from lateral to medial) by: the tibial nerve, popliteal …

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