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Positioning. The subject stands with the arm hanging, the elbow extended and the wrist in neutral position (between pronation and supination,and between flexion and extension). The examiner stands level with the subject’s elbow. The contralateral arm lifts and carries the elbow and keeps it extended. The hand stabilizes the forearm. The other hand is placed […] Positioning. The subject stands with the arm alongside the body, the elbow flexed to 90° and the forearm in supination. The examiner stands level with the elbow. One hand supports the distal part of the forearm and the other hand is on top of the shoulder. Procedure. Resist the subject’s attempt to extend the elbow. […] Positioning. The subject stands with the arm hanging and the elbow bent to a right angle. The examiner stands in front of the subject. Both hands encircle the distal forearm in such a way that the heel of the contralateral hand is placed against the volar part of the ulna and the fingers of the […] PASSIVE TESTS Passive flexion Positioning. The subject stands with the arm outstretched. The examiner stands level with the subject’s arm. He places one hand against the back of the shoulder and grasps the distal forearm with the other hand. Procedure. Bring the hand towards the shoulder,thereby stabilizing the latter, until the movement comes to a […] Over the olecranon lies the olecranon bursa,which is only really palpable when it becomes inflamed and swollen.Keep the subject’s elbow flexed. Palpate for the upper border (apex) of the olecranon. Feel just lateral to this apex for the insertion of the tendon of the triceps muscle. Move the fingers upwards: a broad and flat tendon […] Ask the subject to contract the biceps. Place the thumb and fingers in the indentations on both sides of the bicipital tendon (the lateral and medial bicipital grooves) and now ask for an isometric nexion. Under the fingers – and behind the biceps tendon – the contraction of the brachialis muscle can be felt. During […] Wrist and hand rehabilitation Because the function of the wrist and hand is essential to daily activities, special care is needed to avoid compromising the functional integrity of these structures. In addition to range-of-motion and strengthening exercises, attention should be paid to dexterity exercises and to tactile senses. The wrist and hand are a series […] Children often sustain fractures of the lower part of the humerus because of falls from gymnasium apparatus, and in riding or cycling falls. Symptoms and diagnosis – Intense pain is felt during arm movements. – There is tenderness on pressure. – Swelling and bruising are noticeable. – Contour changes. Treatment The injured person should be […] Dislocation Dislocation of the elbow joint occurs mainly in athletes participating in contact sports, such as football, rugby, and ice hockey, but can also occur in riders, cyclists, wrestlers, skiers, and squash players. A common cause of this injury is falling on the hand with a bent elbow. A similar injury can occur if the […] Rupture of the distal part of the biceps tendon The biceps tendon inserts distally into the radial tuberosity in the proximal forearm. It is responsible for flexion in the elbow and also for some supination. The tendon is susceptible to degenerative changes and ruptures occur in athletes over 35 years old. The injury mechanism is […] |
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