Basics Description Sprains refer to damaged ligaments, and they are the result of overstretching of the tissues. Injuries to the ligamentous structures of movable joints are among the most common complaints seen in primary care medicine, as well as in the subspecialty areas of orthopaedic surgery. Sprains can occur in any movable joint. Classification: […]
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Basics Description The proximal humerus consists of the articular surface of the shoulder joint and the attachments of the rotator cuff to the greater and lesser tuberosities. Most of the blood supply to the humeral head comes from the anterior humeral circumflex branch of the axillary artery. >90% of proximal humeral fractures result from […] Basics Description The olecranon: Is the proximal bony projection of the ulna at the elbow Articulates with the trochlea of the distal humerus to form the ulnohumeral portion of the elbow joint: This articulation is responsible for flexion and extension of the elbow joint. Is the insertion site of the triceps tendon Contraction of […] Basics Description Dislocation of the TMT joints of the foot. Can occur at any age Often accompanied by fractures around the TMT joints Classification: Type A: Total incongruity of TMT joint Type B: Partial incongruity of TMT joint complex, either medial or lateral Type C: Divergent (1st metatarsal medial, 2nd-5th lateral) Epidemiology Incidence Lisfranc […] Basics Description Dislocation of the knee is an orthopaedic emergency. The most common causes are motor vehicle accidents, followed by sports and falls from heights. Classification: Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Rotary: Subclassified as anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral General Prevention Seat belts and airbags are the best methods of prevention. Epidemiology Incidence Rare Associated Conditions […] Basics Description Fractures of the proximal femur located between the greater and lesser trochanters and external to the capsule of the hip joint The greater and lesser trochanters may be avulsed as separate fragments. Many classification systems have been developed that are unreliable in identifying fracture types, but in general, they are classified as […] Basics Description The biceps tendon can rupture proximally near the shoulder or distally near the elbow. Most ruptures occur proximally. Proximally, the biceps helps depress and stabilize the humeral head, whereas distally it is the primary supinator of the forearm and assists in elbow flexion. Epidemiology Incidence Typically occurs in males >40 years old […] Basics Description Fractures of the distal end of the fibula and tibia are termed ankle fractures. Usually caused by the twisting of the body around a planted foot or a misstep that results in overstressing the ankle joint Severe fractures may result in dislocation of the ankle. 2 fracture classification systems are used currently: […] |
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