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Basics Description A septic knee is an infection of the synovial lining of the knee joint. Predisposing factors include arthritis, intravenous drug abuse and alcoholism, steroid use, and any form of immunosuppression . Epidemiology Incidence Common May occur in infants, children, adults, and the geriatric population Risk Factors Intravenous drug abuse and alcoholism Trauma, […] Basics Description Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa in front of the patella. Bursae are located between structures to reduce friction. These sacs are lined with a membranous synovium that produces and absorbs fluid; they are subject to acute or chronic trauma or infection and to low-grade inflammatory conditions such as gout, […] Basics Description Patellar dislocation usually refers to lateral displacement of the patella out of its normal alignment in the trochlear groove of the femur. The patella is held stable by ligamentous forces, muscular forces, and bony anatomy. Disruption of any of these 3 components can lead to recurrent patellar instability. Classification: Subluxation: Patella sits […] Basics Description A pathologic joint entity of localized bone necrosis with overlying cartilage injury Osteochondritis dissecans primarily affects the knee, but it is also seen in the hip (in late Legg-Calve-Perthes disease), elbow, and ankle. Osteochondritis dissecans occurs primarily in the 2nd decade of life, but it also is seen in children and older […] Basics Description The most prevalent form of arthritis May occur in virtually any joint of the body Has no cure and leads to pain and joint dysfunction The end result is loss of articular cartilage with secondary bone changes, including osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral cysts. Classification is by single or multiple joint involvement. […] Basics Description A meniscus tear is an acute or degenerative injury to the meniscal fibrocartilage of the knee. Classification: Acute tear: Longitudinal (50-90%) Radial (6%) Flap (4%) Degenerative tear: Mostly horizontal cleavage or complex tears Epidemiology Acute tears occur mainly in adolescents and young adults, and degenerative tears predominate in the 40-60-year-old population. Degenerative […] Basics Description An MCL injury is a sprain of the MCL, which is the primary restraint to valgus stress on the knee. It occurs mainly in athletic teenagers and young adults, and equally among males and females. Classification: Grade I (mild): Microscopic sprain with intact fibers Grade II (moderate): Partial tear Grade III (severe): […] Basics Description MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses hydrogen atoms in the body to create an image. MRI has several advantages over other imaging techniques: Higher contrast resolution More sensitive than CT in detecting bone marrow/soft-tissue disease No exposure to irradiation Multiplanar imaging capability Diagnosis Indications: Evaluation of joints Detection of ligament […] |
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