Accurate radiographic evaluation of the fracture of the proximal humerus is essential for diagnosis and treatment. The trauma series is still the standard initial method for evaluating proximal humeral fracture. This consists of anteroposterior (AP) view of the scapula, a lateral, Y-view of the scapula, and axillary view. This series allows evaluation of the fracture […]
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The humerus is the largest bone of upper extremity. The proximal humerus is composed of the humeral head, the greater and lesser tuberosities, the anatomic and surgical necks of the humerus. The humeral head is the most proximal, ball-like region of the humerus that is retroverted (28 to 40 degrees) and articulates with the glenoid […] The rotator cuff consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles, all of which arise from the scapula and insert into the proximal humerus. The subscapularis muscle is innervated by the upper and lower scapular nerves, and arises from the anterior surface of the scapula, inserting into the lesser tuberosity. The nerve supply […] WHAT IS SHOULDER DISLOCATION? A dislocated shoulder occurs when the humerus separates from the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. HOW IS SHOULDER DISLOCATION DIAGNOSED? Diagnosis includes physical examination where there is a significant pain, which can sometimes be felt past the shoulder, along the arm. The person is unable to move the arm from its […] A trial of nonoperative care is implemented before surgical intervention is considered. The majority of patients with impingement syndrome can be managed conservatively. The treatment program consists of formal physical therapy, activity modification, anti-inflammatory, and the judicious use of steroid injections into the subacromial space. By emphasizing the importance of following the rehabilitation protocol and […] The shoulder complex is composed of three bones—the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus—as well as four articulations—the acromioclavicular (AC), the sternoclavicular (SC), the scapulothoracic, and the GH joints. The technique and approach of surgical decompression of the suprascapular nerve is dependent on the location of the presumed etiology of the nerve dysfunction. If the pathology is at the suprascapular notch, then the transverse scapular ligament and suprascapular notch may be approached anteriorly, superiorly, or posteriorly. The anterior approach uses a saber-type incision, just […] |
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