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Shoulder Arthroscopy Introduction The use of arthroscopy (arthro means joint and scopy means look) has revolutionized many different types of orthopedic surgery. During a shoulder arthroscopy, a small video camera attached to a fiber-optic lens is inserted into the shoulder joint to allow a surgeon to see without making a large incision. Today […] Accurate radiographic evaluation of the fracture of the proximal humerus is essential for diagnosis and treatment. The trauma series is still the standard initial method for evaluating proximal humeral fracture. This consists of anteroposterior (AP) view of the scapula, a lateral, Y-view of the scapula, and axillary view. This series allows evaluation of the fracture […] The humerus is the largest bone of upper extremity. The proximal humerus is composed of the humeral head, the greater and lesser tuberosities, the anatomic and surgical necks of the humerus. The humeral head is the most proximal, ball-like region of the humerus that is retroverted (28 to 40 degrees) and articulates with the glenoid […] The rotator cuff consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles, all of which arise from the scapula and insert into the proximal humerus. The subscapularis muscle is innervated by the upper and lower scapular nerves, and arises from the anterior surface of the scapula, inserting into the lesser tuberosity. The nerve supply […] WHAT IS SHOULDER DISLOCATION? A dislocated shoulder occurs when the humerus separates from the scapula at the glenohumeral joint. HOW IS SHOULDER DISLOCATION DIAGNOSED? Diagnosis includes physical examination where there is a significant pain, which can sometimes be felt past the shoulder, along the arm. The person is unable to move the arm from its […] A trial of nonoperative care is implemented before surgical intervention is considered. The majority of patients with impingement syndrome can be managed conservatively. The treatment program consists of formal physical therapy, activity modification, anti-inflammatory, and the judicious use of steroid injections into the subacromial space. By emphasizing the importance of following the rehabilitation protocol and […] The scapulothoracic articulation is not a true joint; rather, it represents the space between the concave surface of the anterior scapula and the convex surface of the posterior chest wall. The muscular and ligamentous attachments provide the stability of this articulation as the scapula retracts, protracts, and rotates along the posterior chest wall. Williams et […] The shoulder complex is composed of three bones—the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus—as well as four articulations—the acromioclavicular (AC), the sternoclavicular (SC), the scapulothoracic, and the GH joints. |
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